Book Review: An Autobiography by Herbert Spencer

Book Review: Memory and the Self: Phenomenology, Science and Autobiography

Book Review

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Reevaluating progressive eugenics: Herbert Spencer Jennings and the 1924 immigration legislation.

Photographical Orientalism An Introduction and review of Oriental Camera; a book by Ali Behdad

Oriental Camera written by Ali Behdad, is an attempt to transcend the structuralist approach to Orientalism, which often interprets local and regional photographs in an ideological pathway and as second-rate editions in the reproduction of the European view, while the author tries to go beyond this reading and interpret the works of local and regional photographers unlike those taken by Europea...

From 'circumstances' to 'environment': Herbert Spencer and the origins of the idea of organism-environment interaction.

The word 'environment' has a history. Before the mid-nineteenth century, the idea of a singular, abstract entity--the organism--interacting with another singular, abstract entity--the environment--was virtually unknown. In this paper I trace how the idea of a plurality of external conditions or circumstances was replaced by the idea of a singular environment. The central figure behind this shif...